Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃, e khutsufalitsoeng joalo ka LN) ke kristale ea maiketsetso e nang le mesebetsi e mengata le merero e mengata. eo e kenyelletsa electro-optic e ntle haholo, acousto-optic, elastic-optic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photorefractive effect le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa 'mele. LN kristale ke ea trigonal crystal system, e nang le karolo ea ferroelectric mocheso oa kamore, 3.m sehlopha sa ntlha, le R3c sehlopha sa sebaka. Ka 1949, Matthias le Remeika ba ile ba kopanya kristale e le 'ngoe ea LN,' me ka 1965 Ballman a atleha ho holisa kristale e kholoanyane ea LN.

In lilemong tsa bo-1970 LN cli-rystals li ile tsa qala ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-electro-optic Q-switches. Likristale tsa LN li na le melemo ea ho se be le botsoa, ​​​​voltage e tlase ea halofo ea leqhubu, ho feto-fetoha ha molumo oa morao-rao, ho bonolo ho etsa li-electrode, tšebeliso e bonolo le tlhokomelo, joalo-joalo, empa li tloaetse ho fetoha ha photorefractive mme li na le menyako e tlase ea tšenyo ea laser. Ka nako e ts'oanang, bothata ba ho lokisa likristale tsa boleng bo phahameng ba optical bo lebisa ho boleng bo sa tšoaneng ba kristale. Bakeng sa nako e telele,Likristale tsa LN li na le e sebelisitsoe feela maemong a tlase kapa matla a mahareng 1064 nm lisebelisoa tsa laser.

E le ho rarolla mathata a bothata ba photorefractive phello, mosebetsi o mongatas have phethahatsoa. Hobane kristale ea LN e sebelisoang hangatae hlahisoa ke karo-karolelano ea eutectic ea sebopeho se tšoanang ea metsi a tiileng naha, tmona ke liphoso tse kang likheo tsa lithium le anti-niobium ka har'a kristale. Ho bonolo ho fetola thepa ea kristale ka ho fetola sebopeho le doping. Ka 1980,eona’s e fumane hore likristale tsa doping LN tse nang le magnesium tse fetang 4.6 mol% li eketsehas the ho hanana le tshenyo ya dinepe ka boholo bo fetang bonngwe. Likristale tse ling tsa anti-photorefractive doped LN le tsona li entsoe, joalo ka zinc-doped, scandium-doped, indium-doped, hafnium-doped, zirconium-doped., joalo-joalo. Hobane tepisitsoe LN e na le boleng bo tlase ba optical, 'me kamano pakeng tsa photorefraction le tšenyo ea laser ke khaello ea lipatlisiso, e na le e sa sebedisoang haholo.

Ho rarolla mathata a teng kholong ea likristale tsa LN tse bophara bo boholo, tsa boleng bo holimo, bafuputsi e thehile sistimi ea taolo ea likhomphutha ka 2004, e ileng ea rarolla bothata bo boholo ba taolo nakong ea kholo ea boholo bo boholo. LN. Boemo ba taolo ea bophara bo lekanang bo ntlafalitsoe haholo, bo hlōlang phetoho ea tšohanyetso ea bophara bo bakoang ke taolo e mpe ea ts'ebetso ea ho hōla ha kristale, 'me e ntlafatsa haholo ho tšoana ha kristale ea optical. The optical uniformity ea 3 inch LN kristale e betere ho feta 3×10⁻⁵ cm⁻¹.

Ka 2010, mofuputsis etsa tlhahiso ea hore khatello ea kelello ka LN kristale ke lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho futsaneha mocheso botsitso ba LN electro-optical Q-switch. Motheong oa k'homphieutha-laolwa tekhenoloji e lekanang ea bophara ho holisa kristale ea boleng bo holimo ea LN, ts'ebetso e khethehileng ea kalafo ea mocheso e sebelisoa ho fokotsa masala a sekheo. Ka 2013,motho sisintsweng seo, joalo ka khatello ea ka hare, khatello ea kelello e kantle e na le tshoanang phello ho tbotsitso ba mocheso oa sesebelisoa sa electro-optic Q-switching sa kristale ea LN. Ba ile ba ntlafala e thekenoloji ea kopano ea elastic ho hlola bothata ba khatello ea maikutlo ea kantle e bakiloeng ke moetlo o thata oa ho koala, le mokhoa ona e khothalelitsoe le ho sebelisoa letotong la li-laser tsa 1064 nm.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, hobane kristale ea LN e na le bophara lebone la phetisetso e bobebe le coefficient e kholo e sebetsang ea electro-optic, e ka sebelisoa litsing tsa laser waveband tsa bohareng ba infrared, joalo ka 2 μm. le 2.28 μm.

Ka nako e telele, le hoja mosebetsi o mongatas have e entsoe ka likristale tsa LN, ho ntse ho e-na le khaello ea lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng ka LN’s thepa ea infrared photorefractive, moeli oa ts'enyehelo ea laser ea kahare, le mokhoa oa tšusumetso ea doping moeling oa tšenyo. Tšebeliso ea electro-optical Q-switchingea kristale ea LN e tlisitse pherekano e ngata. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sebopeho sa likristale tsa LN se rarahane, 'me mefuta le bongata ba bofokoli li ngata, ho fella ka ho fapana.ce e hlahisoang ke libopi tse fapaneng, lihlopha tse fapaneng, esita le likarolo tse fapaneng tse tšoanang sengoathoana sa kristale. Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le phapang e kholo ea boleng ba likristale. Ho thata ho laola ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa electro-optic Q-switched, tse thibelang tšebeliso ea electro-optic Q-switching ea LN crystals ho isa tekanyong e itseng.

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